光学表面监测系统与CBCT确定左侧乳腺癌深吸气屏气放疗误差的比较

目的 建立本单位应用光学表面监测系统(OSMS)门控技术在左侧乳腺癌深吸气屏气(DIBH)放疗的基本流程,比较应用OSMS与CBCT确定左侧乳腺癌DIBH放疗摆位误差的一致性。方法 20例左侧乳腺癌患者采用DIBH方法治疗,OSMS与模拟定位DIBH体表外轮廓配准,CBCT扫描与模拟定位CT配准各记录得到误差数据,数据包括左右(x)、上下(y)、前后(z)方向平移误差和旋转误差Rx、Ry、Rz。采用Pearson法分析两者相关性,Bland-Altman法检验两者一致性。结果 两种方法呈正相关,x、y、z方向平移误差以及Rx、Ry、Rz方向旋转误差的相关系数分别为0.84、0.74、0.84、0.65、0.41、0.54(P<0.01),95%CI值分别为-0.37~0.42 cm、-0.39~0.41 cm、-0.29~0.49cm和-2.9°~1.4°、-2.6°~1.4°、-2.4°~2.5°,均<5mm和3°。20例左侧乳腺癌DIBH放疗患者系统误差<0.18cm,随机误差<0.24cm。结论 左侧乳腺癌DIBH放疗中应用OSMS与CBCT两种方式确定与模拟定位状态误差具有一致性,CBCT图像引导基础上使用无辐射的OSMS验证位置信息是安全可靠的。     

"肾脑相济"电针对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠行为学及IL-1β、TNF-α表达的影响

目的观察"肾脑相济"电针对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型小鼠行为学和大脑皮质炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1b)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达的影响,探究"肾脑相济"电针疗法治疗阿尔茨海默病的作用机理。方法将7月龄雄性SAMP8小鼠随机分成模型组、西药组和电针组,每组6只;将SAMR1小鼠作为对照组。西药组给予盐酸多?哌齐灌胃,电针组电针百会、肾俞和三阴交。采用Morris水迷宫观察小鼠行为学,应用免疫组化法、Western Blot法测定大脑皮质区IL-1b、TNF-α的阳性细胞数和蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠学习记忆能力明显下降,IL-1b、TNF-α的表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,西药组和电针组小鼠学习记忆能力增强,IL-1b、TNF-α的表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与西药组比较,电针组小鼠学习记忆能力及IL-1b、TNF-α的表达变化不明显,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论"肾脑相济"电针疗法可以改善SAMP8模型小鼠的学习和记忆能力,降低大脑皮质区IL-1b、TNF-α的含量,从而对阿尔茨海默病达到治疗效果。     

Effect of Acupoints on Acupuncture-Moxibustion and its Therapeutic Mechanism

The clinical efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion(AM) mainly depends on acupoints, but the relationship between the acupoints and AM remains unclear. Improving clinical efficacy and clarifying the mechanisms of AM is critical. We found that the specificity and sensitivity of acupoints, the skill of operation, and reasonable amount of stimulation can significantly improve the efficacy of AM. In addition, some studies have shown that Neural-Endocrine-Immune network and metabolites are involved in this process, clarifying the therapeutic mechanism of acupoints. Therefore, how to effectively use acupoints to improve the clinical efficacy of AM is one of the key issues in need of an urgent solution. In summary, this article reviewed the Chinese and English databases on the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanisms of acupoints to clarify the relationship between acupoints and AM efficacy and ultimately improve clinical efficacy through effective and rational use of acupoints.     

贝伐珠单抗联合长春瑞滨二线治疗复发转移性宫颈癌患者的近期疗效

目的:观察贝伐珠单抗联合长春瑞滨治疗复发转移性宫颈癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月贵州省人民医院收治的34例复发转移性宫颈癌患者的临床资料，所有患者均使用贝伐珠单抗联合长春瑞滨，21天为1个周期，行4～6个周期治疗，评价疗效及评定不良反应级别。结果:34例宫颈癌患者中无完全缓解患者，部分缓解7例（20.6%）、疾病稳定20例（58.8%）、疾病进展7例(20.6%），总有效率为 20.6%（7/34），疾病控制率为79.4%（27/34）。34例患者常见不良反应程度均较轻，可以耐受。结论:贝伐珠单抗联合长春瑞滨方案治疗复发转移性宫颈癌患者近期疗效好，其不良反应患者可耐受，远期疗效有待进一步的研究。     

艾灸全程干预新型冠状病毒肺炎的可行性

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生以来,艾灸被推荐用于预防以及治疗疑似病例、轻型及恢复期患者。艾灸的消毒灭菌及"天然疫苗"生发作用有利于预防新型冠状病毒肺炎,艾灸的抗炎作用及治疗病毒性肺炎也有一定的临床证据,而对于新型冠状病毒肺炎患者恢复期及康复后可能出现的肺纤维化,艾灸也体现了极大的防治潜力。运用艾灸全程干预新型冠状病毒肺炎,不仅可有效预防和治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎,提高新型冠状病毒肺炎后期患者生活质量,亦可极大缓解医护人员压力。     

CDC42 promotes vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease

Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Vascular calcification is now recognised as a biological process similar to bone formation involving osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), a Rac1 family member GTPase, is essential for cartilage development during endochondral bone formation. However, whether CDC42 affects osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs and vascular calcification remains unknown. In the present study, we observed a significant increase in the expression of CDC42 both in rat VSMCs and in calcified arteries during vascular calcification. Alizarin red staining and calcium content assay revealed that adenovirus-mediated CDC42 overexpression led to an apparent VSMC calcification in the presence of calcifying medium, accompanied with up-regulation of bone-related molecules including RUNX2 and BMP2. By contrast, inhibition of CDC42 by ML141 significantly blocked calcification of VSMCs in vitro and aortic rings ex vivo. Moreover, ML141 markedly attenuated vascular calcification in rats with CKD. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of AKT signal was shown to block CDC42-induced VSMC calcification. These findings demonstrate for the first time that CDC42 contributes to vascular calcification through a mechanism involving AKT signalling; this uncovered a new function of CDC42 in regulating vascular calcification. This may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular calcification in the context of CKD. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术治疗原发性开角型青光眼的短期疗效

目的 对比内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术和单纯内路小梁切开术治疗合并白内障的原发性开角型青光眼（primary open angle glaucoma，POAG）的早期手术效果和并发症。设计 病例对照研究。研究对象2018年3月至2019年3月在北京同仁眼科中心住院手术治疗的合并白内障的POAG患者36例（36眼）。方法 根据患者选择的手术方式，将患者分为两组：行内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术的POAG患者12例（12眼）为观察组，行内路小梁切开术的POAG患者24例（24眼）为对照组。记录并比较两组患眼术前、术后1、2、3、5天、1周、1个月时眼压、视力、并发症和使用降眼压药的种类。主要指标 眼压、视力、并发症和降眼压药物种类。结果 观察组和对照组术前最高眼压分别为（34.08±8.21）mmHg和（37.75±8.61）mmHg（P=0.46）,观察组术后第1天、1周、1个月的平均眼压分别为（20.75±11.89）mmHg、（21.23±8.72）mmHg、（15.00±2.22） mmHg，对照组术前、术后第1天、1周、1个月的平均眼压分别为（16.08±5.63）mm Hg、（22.08±11.48）mmHg、（16.05±5.25）mmHg，两组术后眼压整体变化趋势随时间降低（P<0.001）,两组间术后眼压波动虽然存在差异，但是无统计学意义（P=0.77）。观察组和对照组术后1个月降眼压幅度分别为53.09%±15.19%和55.68%±15.63%（P=0.64）。观察组和对照组术前降眼压药物使用种类分别为（2.67±0.99） 种和（3.08±0.72）种（P=0.16），术后1个月时分别下降至（0.17±0.58）种和（0.96±1.33）种（P=0.06）。观察组和对照组组术后眼压反跳发生率分别为16.67%和54.17%（P=0.03）。前房积血为术后最常见的并发症, 观察组发生率为83.3%，对照组为62.5%（P=0.21)。观察组和对照组睫状体脱离发生率分别为25.0%和75.0%（P=0.004）。观察组中，8眼（66.7%）术后生活视力提高，4眼（33.3%）视力恢复至术前水平，0眼视力降低；对照组中，20眼（83.3%）术后生活视力恢复至术前水平，4眼（16.7%）视力降低（P<0.001）。结论 对于合并白内障的开角型青光眼患者，内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术和单纯内路小梁切开术在术后1个月时降眼压作用相似。联合手术术后视力改善明显，眼压反跳发生率较单纯内路小梁切开术低，是一种安全有效的手术方式，远期效果有待进一步观察。